When was iqbal born

Muhammad Allama Iqbal — Academy of American Poets Educator Newsletter. Teach This Poem. Follow Us. Find Poets. Poetry Near You. Jobs for Poets. Although he was not an active politician, he was elected to the Punjab legislature in , and in he was made president of the Moslem League. By this time the dream of a pan-Islamic world no longer appealed to him.

His statement in his presidential address that the "final destiny" of Indian Moslems was to have a "consolidated Northwest Indian Moslem state" is regarded as one of the earliest expressions of the idea of Pakistan. Becoming convinced that Moslems were in danger from the Hindu majority if India should become independent, Iqbal gave his powerful support to Mohammad Ali Jinnah as the leader of India's Moslems.

They have been criticized as lacking the energy and inspiration of his early work. He died in Lahore on April 21, Even while he favoured the idea of the creation of Pakistan and is venerated there as the national poet, he wrote the famous patriotic song that celebrates the greatness of India.

Iqbal wrote both in Persian and Urdu, and is often regarded as the poet-philosopher of the East who addressed the Muslim ummah, believed in the philosophy of wahdatul wujood, and propounded the philosohy of khudi, or selfhood, which called for self-realisation and the discovery of the hidden talent with love and perseverance.

Beyond that lay the stages of complete submission and forgetfulness which, he thought, was the ultimate stage of khudi. His poetry emerged as a remarkable site where message and art coalesced, as he re-configured major poetic devices like metaphor, myth, and symbol to re-visit history, philosophy and the Islamic faith to develop his individual vision. Allama Iqbal. The poems emphasise the spirit and self from a religious, spiritual perspective. One has to make a great journey of transformation to realize that divine spark which Iqbal calls "Khudi".

He proves by various means that the whole universe obeys the will of the "Self. For him, the aim of life is self-realization and self-knowledge. He charts the stages through which the "Self" has to pass before finally arriving at its point of perfection, enabling the knower of the "Self" to become a viceregent of God. In his Rumuz-e-Bekhudi Hints of Selflessness , Iqbal seeks to prove the Islamic way of life is the best code of conduct for a nation's viability.

A person must keep his individual characteristics intact, but once this is achieved he should sacrifice his personal ambitions for the needs of the nation. Man cannot realise the "Self" outside of society. Also in Persian and published in , this group of poems has as its main themes the ideal community, Islamic ethical and social principles, and the relationship between the individual and society.

Although he is true throughout to Islam, Iqbal also recognises the positive analogous aspects of other religions. The Rumuz-e-Bekhudi complements the emphasis on the self in the Asrar-e-Khudi and the two collections are often put in the same volume under the title Asrar-e-Rumuz Hinting Secrets.

It is addressed to the world's Muslims. Goethe bemoans the West having become too materialistic in outlook, and expects the East will provide a message of hope to resuscitate spiritual values. Iqbal styles his work as a reminder to the West of the importance of morality, religion and civilization by underlining the need for cultivating feeling, ardour and dynamism. He explains that an individual can never aspire to higher dimensions unless he learns of the nature of spirituality.

In his first visit to Afghanistan, he presented his book "Payam-e Mashreq" to King Amanullah Khan in which he admired the liberal movements of Afghanistan against the British Empire.

In , he was officially invited to Afghanistan to join the meetings regarding the establishment of Kabul University.

In Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadeed, Iqbal first poses questions, then answers them with the help of ancient and modern insight, showing how it affects and concerns the world of action. Bandagi Nama denounces slavery by attempting to explain the spirit behind the fine arts of enslaved societies. Here as in other books, Iqbal insists on remembering the past, doing well in the present and preparing for the future, while emphasising love, enthusiasm and energy to fulfill the ideal life. Iqbal's work, the Javed Nama Book of Javed is named after and in a manner addressed to his son, who is featured in the poems.

It follows the examples of the works of Ibn Arabi and Dante's The Divine Comedy, through mystical and exaggerated depictions across time. Iqbal depicts himself as Zinda Rud "A stream full of life" guided by Rumi, "the master," through various heavens and spheres, and has the honour of approaching divinity and coming in contact with divine illuminations.

In a passage re-living a historical period, Iqbal condemns the Muslim who were instrumental in the defeat and death of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula of Bengal and Tipu Sultan of Mysore respectively by betraying them for the benefit of the British colonists, and thus delivering their country to the shackles of slavery. At the end, by addressing his son Javid, he speaks to the young people at large, and provides guidance to the "new generation.

He says in one of his poems: "Even though in sweetness Urdu is sugar but speech method in Dari Persian is sweeter " Urdu Iqbal's first work published in Urdu, the Bang-e-Dara The Call of the Marching Bell of , was a collection of poetry written by him in three distinct phases of his life.

The poems he wrote up to , the year Iqbal left for England imbibe patriotism and imagery of landscape, and includes the Tarana-e-Hind The Song of India , popularly known as Saare Jahan Se Achcha and another poem Tarana-e-Milli [Anthem of the Muslim Community], The second set of poems date from between and when Iqbal studied in Europe and dwell upon the nature of European society, which he emphasized had lost spiritual and religious values.

This inspired Iqbal to write poems on the historical and cultural heritage of Islamic culture and Muslim people, not from an Indian but a global perspective.

Iqbal urges the global community of Muslims, addressed as the Ummah to define personal, social and political existence by the values and teachings of Islam. Iqbal preferred to work mainly in Persian for a predominant period of his career, but after , his works were mainly in Urdu.

The works of this period were often specifically directed at the Muslim masses of India, with an even stronger emphasis on Islam, and Muslim spiritual and political reawakening. Published in , the Bal-e-Jibril Wings of Gabriel is considered by many critics as the finest of Iqbal's Urdu poetry, and was inspired by his visit to Spain, where he visited the monuments and legacy of the kingdom of the Moors. It consists of ghazals, poems, quatrains, epigrams and carries a strong sense religious passion.

Again, Iqbal depicts Rumi as a character and an exposition of the mysteries of Islamic laws and Sufi perceptions is given.